Teaching note for product 9B13B025.

In May 2011, the managing partner of the Modern Agricultural Farm in rural Pakistan was reviewing the set of performance reports for the previous month sent by the farm accountant. These reports had been designed by a management analysis and research consultant to convert the farm system to that used by the head office of the Alamgir Group of businesses, of which the farm was a part. There were two concerns: how to handle the fluctuations in the farm’s .....more

Pak Elektron Limited was a very large manufacturer of consumer home appliances, large distribution and power transformers and switch gears for the power companies in Pakistan. From 2007, the company had started a process to change the information systems of the company. These systems had become outdated as Microsoft had withdrawn its support to Visual FoxPro, which was the platform on which all systems had been developed. The company decided that .....more

The case describes how a very large intra-corporate debt was built up in Pakistan, among the private and public sector energy and power generation companies that were some of the country’s largest organizations. An unexpected slowdown in recovery of bills created a debt that affected corporate business operations, and the Pakistani economy as a whole. The energy and power sectors are discussed, as are the reasons for this circular debt. The Pakistani .....more

Engro Chemicals Pakistan Limited (Engro) was a very large manufacturer and marketer of fertilizer in Pakistan. It had a number of subsidiaries and joint ventures in a variety of businesses. The company was listed on the Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) and was among the top companies as ranked by the KSE. In August 2007, the company's head office was completely destroyed by a fire. The office was located in Karachi and the fire destroyed all the equipment .....more

Orix Investment Bank Pakistan Limited (OIBPL) was a non-bank financial institution (NBFI) providing corporate finance, brokerage and other services to large enterprises and was listed on the Karachi Stock Exchange. The annual financial statements for the year ended June 30, 2008 revealed that, as a result of default by one customer, the bank had incurred an enormous loss of over half a billion rupees, which had seriously eroded the bank’s capital .....more

Callmate Telips Telecom Limited (Callmate) was in the telecommunications business in which the regulatory controls were gradually being undone by the government of Pakistan as part of an economic deregulation program. Callmate was the pioneer in the payphones and prepaid calling card industries in Pakistan and had significant opportunity to develop into a major business entity. The events in the case demonstrate that the company strategy, as well .....more

Teaching note for product #9B08M068.

The Crescent Standard Investment Bank Limited (CSIBL) was the largest investment bank quoted on all the stock exchanges in Pakistan, so when it declared a huge loss of Rs2.1 billion (US$35.5 million) for the year December 31, 2005 the market was taken by surprise. There had been some rumours that all was not well and that the investment banking regulator, Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan (SECP), had sent a team to investigate the affairs .....more